Balcony growing guide Β· Central Europe

πŸŒ‡ Balcony
Garden Guide

A wealth of vegetables, herbs and fruit can be grown on even a small balcony. The right plant for your balcony depends primarily on its orientation β€” south, west, east or north.

β˜€οΈ South: everything 🌀️ East/West: most crops πŸŒ₯️ North: shade-tolerant only

Best starter plants for any balcony

For beginners: basil, chives, lettuce, radishes and (on a south-facing balcony) cherry tomatoes. These are forgiving, fast and rewarding β€” you'll be harvesting within weeks.

What to grow β€” by balcony orientation

β˜€οΈβ˜€οΈβ˜€οΈ South-facing balcony β€” best for growing

6+ hours of direct sun. You can grow almost anything. Water daily in summer β€” south balconies dry out fast.

Vegetables

  • πŸ… Tomatoes
  • 🌢️ Peppers
  • πŸ₯’ Cucumbers
  • πŸ«› Courgettes
  • 🫘 Climbing beans
  • πŸ₯— Lettuce
  • 🌱 Radishes
  • πŸ₯¬ Spinach

Herbs

  • 🌿 Basil
  • 🌱 Chives
  • 🌿 Thyme
  • 🌿 Rosemary
  • 🌿 Sage
  • 🌿 Lavender
  • 🌿 Parsley

Fruit

  • πŸ“ Strawberries
  • 🫐 Blueberries
  • 🌢️ Chillies
β˜€οΈβ˜€οΈ South-west / South-east β€” good conditions

4–6 hours of direct sun. Most vegetables thrive. Cherry tomato varieties perform best.

Vegetables

  • πŸ… Cherry tomatoes
  • πŸ₯— Lettuce
  • 🌱 Radishes
  • 🫘 Beans
  • πŸ«› Peas

Herbs

  • 🌿 Basil
  • 🌿 Parsley
  • πŸƒ Mint
  • 🌱 Chives

Fruit

  • πŸ“ Strawberries
β˜€οΈ East / West β€” limited options

2–4 hours of direct sun. Choose shade-tolerant varieties. Salads and herbs grow well; fruiting crops struggle.

Vegetables

  • πŸ₯— Lettuce
  • πŸ₯¬ Spinach
  • πŸ₯— Rocket
  • 🌱 Radishes
  • πŸ«› Peas

Herbs

  • 🌿 Parsley
  • 🌱 Chives
  • πŸƒ Mint
  • 🌿 Chervil

Fruit

  • πŸ“ Strawberries (smaller)
πŸŒ₯️ North-facing β€” shade-tolerant only

Less than 2 hours direct sun. Only shade-loving crops will succeed. ❌ No tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers or basil.

Works on north balconies

  • πŸ₯— Lettuce
  • πŸ₯¬ Spinach
  • πŸƒ Mint
  • 🌿 Parsley
  • 🌱 Chives
  • 🌿 Chervil

Does NOT work

  • ❌ Tomatoes (need 6h sun)
  • ❌ Peppers (need 6h sun)
  • ❌ Cucumbers (need 6h sun)
  • ❌ Basil (needs warmth + sun)

πŸ₯¬ Vegetables for the balcony β€” quick overview

Plant Min. container Sun Notes
πŸ₯— Lettuce5 litresβ˜€οΈ/πŸŒ₯️Ready in 5–6 weeks
🌱 RadishesWindow boxβ˜€οΈReady in 4 weeks
πŸ₯¬ Spinach5 litresπŸŒ₯️Spring and autumn; bolts in heat
πŸ₯— RocketWindow boxβ˜€οΈ/πŸŒ₯️Fast-growing; successive sow
πŸ… Cherry tomatoes10–15 litresβ˜€οΈβ˜€οΈβ˜€οΈAfter May 15; daily watering
🌢️ Peppers10 litresβ˜€οΈβ˜€οΈβ˜€οΈAfter May 20; south balcony
πŸ₯’ Cucumbers15–20 litresβ˜€οΈβ˜€οΈNeeds trellis; daily watering
πŸ«› PeasWindow boxβ˜€οΈ/πŸŒ₯️Needs 1 m support
πŸ§… Spring onionsWindow boxβ˜€οΈSow from March

🌿 Herbs β€” ideal for balcony beginners

Herbs are the perfect starting point β€” low-maintenance, fast-growing, and you can use them straight from the pot in cooking.

🌿 Basil

2 l+ Β· β˜€οΈβ˜€οΈ Β· After May 15 Β· Frost-sensitive

🌱 Chives

Window box Β· β˜€οΈ/πŸŒ₯️ Β· Perennial Β· Very easy

🌿 Parsley

3 l+ Β· β˜€οΈ/πŸŒ₯️ Β· Biennial Β· From April

πŸƒ Mint

Own container! Β· πŸŒ₯️ Β· Spreads aggressively

🌿 Thyme

3 l Β· β˜€οΈβ˜€οΈ Β· Drought-tolerant Β· Perennial

🌿 Rosemary

5 l+ Β· β˜€οΈβ˜€οΈ Β· Drought-tolerant Β· Perennial

πŸ’œ Lavender

5 l Β· β˜€οΈβ˜€οΈ Β· Repels pests Β· Perennial

🌿 Dill

20 cm deep box Β· β˜€οΈ Β· Direct sow only

Tip: Always grow mint in its own separate container β€” it spreads aggressively and will swamp neighbouring herbs. Basil planted next to tomatoes deters aphids and is a classic pairing.

πŸͺ΄ Container sizes

  • β†’ Salads, radishes, herbs: 3–5 litres
  • β†’ Strawberries: 2–3 litres per plant
  • β†’ Cherry tomatoes: 10–15 litres
  • β†’ Peppers: 10 litres
  • β†’ Cucumbers: 15–20 litres
  • β†’ Blueberries: 20 litres
Compost tip: Use balcony/container compost with added perlite (20%) for better drainage. Never use garden soil β€” it compacts badly in pots. Blueberries need acidic ericaceous compost.

πŸ’§ Watering on a balcony

Watering is the most important aspect of balcony gardening. Containers dry out far faster than garden beds.

Summer watering frequency:

  • πŸ… Tomatoes, cucumbers: every day
  • 🌿 Basil, parsley: every other day
  • 🌿 Rosemary, thyme, lavender: once a week
  • πŸ₯— Lettuce, spinach: every other day
Holiday tip: Self-watering containers (reservoir planters) or a drip irrigation system with a timer can keep plants alive for up to 2 weeks unattended.

Frequently asked questions

What are the easiest plants for a balcony beginner? β–Ό

Recommended starters: basil, chives, lettuce, radishes and cherry tomatoes (on a south-facing balcony). These are forgiving, fast and very rewarding β€” you'll harvest within weeks of planting.

What can I grow on a north-facing balcony? β–Ό

On a north-facing balcony with little direct sun: lettuce, spinach, rocket, mint, parsley, chives and cress all do well. Tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers and basil need a minimum of 6 hours of sun and won't perform without it.

When can I start growing on my balcony? β–Ό

Hardy crops (herbs, lettuce) can move out from April. Tender crops (tomatoes, peppers, cucumbers) must wait until after May 15, when the Ice Saints frost risk has passed. The balcony advantage: containers can be moved indoors if late frost threatens, giving you a 5–7 day head start over garden beds.

Can I grow tomatoes on a small balcony? β–Ό

Yes. Bush and trailing varieties such as Tumbling Tom, Balcony Yellow and Mini Tom are bred specifically for containers and small balconies. A 10-litre pot and a south-facing balcony is all you need. They produce abundantly from July to September with daily watering.

Get personalised balcony planting advice

Enter your balcony orientation and size β€” get a tailored growing plan with frost and drought alerts.

Try balcony calculator β†’